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ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

What do liberals and conservatives look for in a date?

Liberals and conservatives are looking for the same thing when they join online dating websites, according to new research. The study shows that both liberals and conservatives are looking for a partner who is like themselves.

Comet discovered hiding in plain sight: Near-Earth asteroid is really a comet

For 30 years, a large near-Earth asteroid wandered its lone, intrepid path, passing before the scrutinizing eyes of scientists while keeping something to itself: (3552) Don Quixote, whose journey stretches to the orbit of Jupiter, now appears to be a comet.

Organic molecules found in Sutter's Mill meteorite, not previously found in any meteorites

An important discovery has been made concerning the possible inventory of molecules available to the early Earth. Scientists found that the Sutter's Mill meteorite, which exploded in a blazing fireball over California last year, contains organic molecules not previously found in any meteorites. These findings suggest a far greater availability of extraterrestrial organic molecules than previously thought possible, an inventory that could indeed have been important in molecular evolution and life itself.

Innovative 'pay for performance' program improves patient outcomes

Paying doctors for how they perform specific medical procedures and examinations yields better health outcomes than the traditional "fee for service" model, where everyone gets paid a set amount regardless of quality or patient outcomes, according to new research.

Pay for performance encouraged physicians to follow blood pressure guidelines

In a multi-year study involving researchers found that modest monetary incentives to individual physicians resulted in a significant 8.36 percent increase in patients whose blood pressure was brought down to desired levels or who received an appropriate medical response when it was found that their blood pressure was uncontrolled.

With horses and iPads, autistic children learn to communicate

Researches are helping autistic children communicate by combining equine therapy and assistive technology through a program called Strides©.

Edible coatings for ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables

The scientist who turned fresh-cut apple slices into a popular convenience food, available ready-to-eat in grocery stores, school cafeterias and fast-food restaurants, today described advances in keeping other foods fresh, flavorful, and safe for longer periods of time through the use of invisible, colorless, odorless, tasteless coatings.

Why are some corals flourishing in a time of global warming?

As Earth's temperature climbs, stony corals are in decline. Less discussed, however, is the plight of gorgonian corals — softer, flexible, tree-like species. Divers have noted that gorgonians seem to be proliferating in parts of the Caribbean, and a new study will look to quantify this phenomenon.

How the newest diesel engines emit very little greenhouse gas nitrous oxide

The newest catalytic converters in diesel engines blast away a pollutant from combustion with the help of ammonia. Common in European cars, the engines exhaust harmless nitrogen and water. How they do this hasn't been entirely clear. Now, new research shows that the catalyst attacks its target pollutant in an unusual way, providing insight into how to make the best catalytic converters.

Panda poop microbes could make biofuels of the future

Unlikely as it may sound, giant pandas Ya Ya and Le Le in the Memphis Zoo are making contributions toward shifting production of biofuels away from corn and other food crops and toward corn cobs, stalks and other non-food plant material.

Jurassic jaws: How ancient crocodiles flourished during the age of the dinosaurs

New research has revealed the hidden past of crocodiles, showing for the first time how these fierce reptiles evolved and survived in a dinosaur dominated world.

Bad news for prey: New research shows that predators can learn to read camouflage

Camouflaged creatures can perform remarkable disappearing acts but new research shows that predators can learn to read camouflage. The study, which used human subjects as predators searching for hidden moths in computer games, found that the subjects could learn to find some types of camouflaged prey faster than others.

Enhancing zoo elephant welfare

A new study revealed that analyzing the daily lives of zoo elephants – ranging from when and how they are fed to how they spend their time both at night and during the day – provides new, scientifically based information that zoos can use to improve the welfare of their elephants.

Five-fold increase in ADHD medication use in children and adolescents

Use of stimulant medications to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has increased significantly over the past several years. This trend toward increased use of prescription stimulants extends beyond ADHD to other types of neuropsychiatric disorders in children and teens as well, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to a new study

New tests to detect drug-resistant malaria

Researchers have developed two tests that can discern within three days whether the malaria parasites in a given patient will be resistant or susceptible to artemisinin, the key drug used to treat malaria.

Map of galactic clouds where stars are born takes shape

Astronomers have completed the first stage of a map of the location of the most massive and mysterious objects in our galaxy -- the giant gas clouds where new stars are born. They identify the clouds -- which can be up to 100 light years across -- from the carbon monoxide they contain.

Global warming could change strength of El Niño

Global warming could impact the El Niño Southern Oscillation, altering the cycles of El Niño and La Niña events that bring extreme drought and flooding to Australia and many other Pacific-rim countries.

Tiny number of Asian carp could be big problem for Great Lakes

A tiny number of Asian carp could establish a population of the invasive fish in the Great Lakes, according to new research.

Robots take over economy: Sudden rise of global ecology of interacting robots trade at speeds too fast for humans

Recently, the global financial market experienced a series of computer glitches that abruptly brought operations to a halt. One reason for these "flash freezes" may be the sudden emergence of mobs of ultrafast robots, which trade on the global markets and operate at speeds beyond human capability, thus overwhelming the system.

Biodegradable cabinet: A new approach to sustainability

A furniture design academic has started creating furniture made from 100 per cent biodegradable material, which can be composted at the end of its lifespan.

A ray of hope for the 'death-ray' building

A London skyscraper - nicknamed 'The Walkie Talkie' - which unwittingly projected scorching sunbeams onto the streets below has highlighted the need for city planners to use a more integrated approach to planning.

Selection drives functional evolution of large enzyme families

Researchers show in a new study how natural selection drives functional evolution of a large protein family in conifer trees. The study sheds light on the mechanisms and adaptive significance of gene family evolution.

Bacteria enhance growth of fruit trees up to 40 percent

Improvement in reforestation and agriculture is possible thanks to new work. Scientists used different strains of fungi and bacteria to promote development and health in trees, which have enabled them to accelerate growth of different species up to 40 percent.

Airbrushing could facilitate large-scale manufacture of carbon nanofibers

Researchers have used airbrushing techniques to grow vertically aligned carbon nanofibers on several different metal substrates, opening the door for incorporating these nanofibers into gene delivery devices, sensors, batteries and other technologies.

Substance that gives grapefruit its flavor and aroma could give insect pests the boot

The citrus flavor and aroma of grapefruit — already used in fruit juices, citrus-flavored beverages, and prestige perfumes and colognes — may be heading for a new use in battling mosquitoes, ticks, head lice and bedbugs thanks to a less expensive way of making large amounts of the once rare and pricey ingredient, scientists say.

Fungal sex can generate new drug resistant, virulent strains

Sex between genetically identical organisms has been found to create genetic changes and diversity where it did not previously exist. Studies of a fungus called Cryptococcus showed the process of sexual reproduction can result in extra copies of chromosomes that can be beneficial to the organism's survival. The discovery contributes to the understanding of sex, and lends insight into how pathogenic microbes can evolve to cause and spread diseases.

Mesothelioma: A targeted approach to asbestos-related cancer

A new targeted therapy for asbestos-related tumors has shown promise in an animal model. The results raise hopes of a new therapy for this currently incurable cancer. Malignant mesothelioma (MMs) is a rare form of cancer, most commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. It tends to be diagnosed decades after exposure occurs, so is rarely caught early. Current treatments, including surgery and chemotherapy, have limited efficacy and unpleasant side effects.

Researchers map carbon footprint of UK towns and cities

The London borough of Newham is famed for producing talents such as Idris Elba, Plan B and Mo Farrah, whilst also playing host to the Olympic Stadium and West Ham United Football Club. Now an international group of researchers have found that its residents have the smallest carbon footprint in the UK.

Improving the lives of allergy sufferers

Allergen immunotherapy improves the quality of life of people who are allergic to grass pollen and house dust mites, reveals a new study. With less time taken off work, the therapy yields economic as well as patient benefits.

Combination therapy for severe alcoholic hepatitis does not result in improved survival

Four weeks of treatment with a combination of the drug pentoxifylline and the corticosteroid prednisolone did not improve 6-month survival compared with prednisolone alone in 270 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, according to a new study.

Stress may lead to false confessions

Imagine if you were wrongly accused of a crime. Would you be stressed? Researchers have found the innocent are often less stressed than the guilty. And that could put them at greater risk to admit to a crime they didn't commit.

Versatile microRNAs choke off cancer blood supply, suppress metastasis

A family of microRNAs blocks cancer progression and metastasis by stifling a tumor's ability to weave new blood vessels to support itself, researchers have reported.

How Schizophrenia affects the brain

A study has been published using brain scans to document the effects of schizophrenia on brain tissue. The findings may help doctors better understand the origin of the illness and the best ways to treat it.

Mosquito bites deliver potential new malaria vaccine

There is hope for new live-attenuated malaria vaccine according to a new study. This work has genetically engineered malaria parasites that are stunted through precise gene deletions, and these could be used as a vaccine that protects against malaria infection.

How chromosome ends influence cellular aging

By studying processes that occur at the ends of chromosomes, a team researchers has unravelled an important mechanism towards a better understanding of cellular aging.

'Merlin' is a matchmaker, not a magician

Researchers have figured out the specific job of a protein long implicated in tumors of the nervous system. Reporting on a new study, they detail what they call the "matchmaking" activities of a fruit fly protein called Merlin, whose human counterpart, NF2, is a tumor suppressor protein known to cause neurofibromatosis type II when mutated.

Tiny diamonds to boost treatment of chemoresistant leukemia

By binding multiple molecules of a common leukemia drug with nanodiamonds, scientists have managed to boost the delivery of the drug to leukemic cells and retain the drug within the cells to combat the cancer.

Breakthrough discerns normal memory loss from disease

Researchers have developed a reliable method to distinguish memory declines associated with healthy aging from the more-serious memory disorders years before obvious symptoms emerge. The method also allows research to accurately predict who is more likely to develop cognitive impairment without expensive tests or invasive procedures.

Hottest days in some parts of Europe have warmed four times more than the global average

Some of the hottest days and coldest nights in parts of Europe have warmed more than four times the global average change since 1950, according to a new article.

Obesity combined with exposure to cigarette smoke may pose new health concerns

Millions of people who are obese and smoke tobacco may face additional health problems — including their responses to common prescription medicines — that extend beyond the well-known links with cancer, heart attacks and stroke, according to a new. The risks may extend to non-smokers who inhale smoke from cigarettes smouldering nearby.

New system allows cloud customers to detect program-tampering

A new version of "zero-knowledge proofs" allows cloud customers to verify the proper execution of their software with a single packet of data.

T-rays offer potential for earlier diagnosis of melanoma

The technology that peeks underneath clothing at airport security screening check points has great potential for looking underneath human skin to diagnose cancer at its earliest and most treatable stages, scientists say.

Tingling sensation caused by Asian spice could help patients with chronic pain

The science behind the tingling sensation caused by eating a popular Asian spice has been explained by researchers.

DNA repair could lead to improved cancer treatments

Medical researchers made a basic science discovery that advances the understanding of how DNA repairs itself. When DNA becomes too damaged it ultimately leads to cancer.

Alzheimer's: Newly identified protein pathology impairs RNA splicing

Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized type of pathology in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. These tangle-like structures appear at early stages of Alzheimer's and are not found in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The appearance of these tangles, which sequester proteins involved in RNA splicing, is linked to widespread changes in Alzheimer's brains compared to healthy brains.

Immune system kills healthy cells

Medical scientists have made a key discovery about how the immune system kills healthy cells while attacking infections. This finding could one day lead to better solutions for cancer and anti-viral treatments.

Ophthalmology: Automated method to detect glaucoma in its early stages

Scientists have developed a novel automated technology that screens for glaucoma more accurately and quickly than existing methods.

Nano-optics: Integrated optical circuits coming soon?

An experimental demonstration of light scattering controlled by silicon nanoparticles augurs well for the development of integrated optical circuits.

Radiotherapy in girls and the risk of breast cancer later in life

Rsearchers have helped determine why exposing young women and girls under the age of 20 to ionizing radiation can substantially raise the risk of their developing breast cancer later in life.

New hope for women suffering from recurrent miscarriage

A team of researchers has published new data that could prove vital for advances in care for women who suffer from recurrent miscarriage.

'Love hormone' may play wider role in social interaction than previously thought

Oxytocin -- often referred to as "the love hormone" because of its importance in the formation and maintenance of strong mother-child and sexual attachments -- is involved in a broader range of social interactions than previously understood.

Astronomers explain why disk galaxies eventually look alike

Astronomers have discovered the fundamental process responsible for the smooth, steady fade of older disk galaxies. They say the key is the clumps of interstellar gases and new stars within young galaxy disks.

Century old chemistry problem solved: Foundational reaction on stubborn chemicals may improve drug synthesis

Chemists have found a way to apply a "foundational reaction" of organic chemistry to a stubborn class of chemicals, in a transformation that has been thought impossible for a century.

Unusual mechanism of DNA synthesis could explain genetic mutations

Researchers have discovered the details of how cells repair breaks in both strands of DNA, a potentially devastating kind of DNA damage.

New antibiotic shows promise for treating MRSA pneumonia

A drug approved just two years ago for treating bacterial infections may hold promise for treating the potentially fatal MRSA pneumonia, according to a new study. Researchers found that patients treated with the antibiotic ceftaroline fosamil, or CPT-F, had a lower mortality rate after 28 days than the mortality rate seen in patients treated with vancomycin, the most common drug therapy for MRSA pneumonia.

Crucial pathway discovered to fight gut infection

An international team of researchers has found a crucial pathway for defending the human gut against infection.

In odd-looking mutant, clues about how maize plants control stem cell number

Plant geneticists have presented first evidence of a functional interaction in maize between an important class of signaling molecule called a G protein, which binds receptors, and an unexpected class of cell-surface receptors.

Embryonic stem cells produced in living adult organisms

Scientists have produced embryonic stem cells within a living adult mammal. Researchers have also discovered that these embryonic stem cells, obtained directly from the inside of the organism, have a broader capacity for differentiation than those obtained via in vitro culture. Specifically, they have the characteristics of totipotent cells: a primitive state never before obtained in a laboratory.

Pumping draws arsenic toward a big-city aquifer

Naturally occurring arsenic pollutes wells across the world, especially in south and southeast Asia, where an estimated 100 million people are exposed to dangerous levels. Now, scientists working in Vietnam have shown that massive pumping of groundwater from a clean aquifer is slowly but surely drawing the poison into the water fro a nearby polluted one. The study, done near Hanoi, confirms suspicions that booming water usage could eventually threaten millions more people across Asia.

Faulty stem cell regulation may contribute to cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome

The learning and physical disabilities that affect people with Down syndrome may be due at least in part to defective stem cell regulation throughout the body, according to researchers.

American families taking 'divergent paths'

After a period of relative calm during the 1990s, rapid changes in American families began anew during the 2000s, a new analysis suggests.

Shingles symptoms may be caused by neuronal short circuit

The pain and itching associated with shingles and herpes may be due to the virus causing a "short circuit" in the nerve cells that reach the skin.

Heart disease patients with positive attitudes likely to exercise, live longer

Heart disease patients with positive attitudes are more likely to exercise and live longer, says a new study. Patients may have better health outcomes when doctors' treatments are aimed at increasing positive attitude and promoting regular exercise.

AIDS vaccine candidate appears to completely clear virus from the body

An HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate appears to have the ability to completely clear an AIDS-causing virus from the body. It is being tested through the use of a non-human primate form of HIV, called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV, which causes AIDS in monkeys. Following further development, it is hoped an HIV-form of the vaccine candidate can soon be tested in humans.

Test could identify which prostate cancers require treatment

The level of expression of three genes associated with aging can be used to predict whether seemingly low-risk prostate cancer will remain slow-growing, according to researchers. Use of this three-gene biomarker, in conjunction with existing cancer-staging tests, could help physicians better determine which men with early prostate cancer can be safely followed with "active surveillance" and spared the risks of prostate removal or other invasive treatment.

Patient embraces personalized approach to lung cancer diagnosis

As a woman in her mid-forties who didn't smoke, Elizabeth Lacasia never expected to be diagnosed with lung cancer. But in 2006, after she developed a persistent and serious cough, a chest X-ray and CT scan revealed several tumors in her lower left lung. With the assistance of personalized medicine, her cancer is now in remission.

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Wednesday, September 11, 2013

FeedaMail: ScienceDaily: Most Popular News

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